Oracle SOA Interview Questions and Answers (File Adapter)

Oracle SOA Interview Questions and Answers (File Adapter)

Question: What is “Minimum Age” in File adapter?

Answer: This parameter specifies the minimum age of files to be retrieved. This enables a large file to be completely copied into the input directory before it is retrieved for processing.

Question: What is trigger file in File adapter?

Answer: When we choose “Trigger File” checkbox, file adapter will not poll/read the file/files from specified directory unless it sees trigger file in trigger file directory. Once trigger files is there in the trigger file directory, file adapter will start polling the files.

Question: What is Logical path in File adapter?

Answer: This parameter specifies the logical input directory to be polled. The parameter is of type String. We provide value of logical path in composite.xml file.

Question: How to handle errors when we unable to read/poll a file using file adapter if that file is corrupt?

Answer: We need to use File rejection handler to catch these types of error.

Question: What is Sync-Read in file adapter?

Answer: When we want to read a file in between our BPEL flow then we use this option.

Question: Can we read remote files using file adapter?

Answer: To read file from remote location we need to use FTP adapter.

Question: What is native format?

Answer: when we want to read the file as it, means we don’t want to transform file content to XML format then we use native format option.

Question: What is difference between Transient and Durable processes?

Answer: Below is difference between Transient and Durable process 
Transient Process: Transient processes do not incur dehydration during their process execution. If an executing process experiences an unhandled fault or the server crashes, instances of a transient process do not leave a trace in the system. 
Durable Process: Durable processes incur one or more dehydration points in the database during execution. Dehydration is triggered by one of the following activities:

• Receive activity
• OnMessage branch in a pick activity
• OnAlarm branch in a pick activity
• Wait activity Reply activity
• checkPoint() within a activity

Question: Can we set audit level at BPEL level?

Answer: Yes, we can use bpel.config.auditLevel property inside composite.xml file for BPEL process service component to set audit level for BPEL. This property takes precedence over audit level settings at the SOA Infrastructure, service engine, and SOA composite application levels.

<component name="BPELProcess">
   <implementation.bpel src="BPELProcess.bpel" />
   <property name="bpel.config.auditLevel"></property>
</component>

Question: What are disadvantages of Asynchronous process?

Answer: It adds dehydration overhead. This can become a problem if there are large numbers of asynchronous processes waiting for a response since for every callback, a new thread/transaction is needed and a callback needs to be matched to a correlation table which takes longer if there are a lot of open processes. Design processes to be synchronous as much as possible, avoid nesting of asynchronous processes also avoid synchronous processes calling asynchronous processes.

Question: Does Oracle recommend batch processing?

Answer: No, we should avoid batch processing in BPEL as much as we can. Batch processing takes lot of memory and causes a lot overhead for storing audit information. We should put the work to be done in a separate BPEL process and optimize this process. Design for worst case scenarios. Implement retry mechanisms in fault-policies. Implement your own scheduling mechanism to spread the load, if no message level processing is needed, ODI might be an option.

Question: What is idempotent activity?

Answer: An idempotent activity is an activity that can be retried. 
This property has the following values:

False: Activity is dehydrated immediately after execution and recorded in the dehydration store. When idempotent is set to False, it provides better failover protection, but may impact performance if the BPEL process accesses the dehydration store frequently.

True (default): If Oracle BPEL Server fails; it performs the activity again after restarting. This is because the server does not dehydrate immediately after the invoke and no record exists that the activity executed. Some examples of where this property can be set to True are: read-only services (for example, CreditRatingService) or local EJB/WSIF invocations that share the instance's transaction.

Question: What is nonBlockingInvoke property?

Answer: This property is used when we use Flow or Flow N in BPEL. By default, Oracle BPEL Process Manager executes in a single thread by executing the branches sequentially instead of in parallel. When this property is set to True, the process manager creates a new thread to perform each branch's invoke activity in parallel. This property is applicable to both durable and transient processes.

Question: What is streamResultToTempFile property in Mediator?

Answer: Until 11g Release 1 11.1.1.3, for XSLT operations in Oracle Mediator, the result was cached into memory as a whole document in binary XML format. For large document processing, this caused out-of-memory errors. Starting with 11g Release 1 11.1.1.4, the streamResultToTempFile property is available. This property enables XSLT results to be streamed to a temporary file and then loaded from the temporary file. Set streamResultToTempFile to yes when processing large payload using XSLT. The default value is no.

<component name="Mediator1"> 
   <implementation.mediator src="Mediator1.mplan"/>
   <property name="streamResultToTempFile">yes</property>
</component>

This property is recommended only for processing large payloads. Enabling this property could reduce performance for normal payloads.

Question: Which property we have to use to process JMS, AQ or MQ messages on one node in cluster environment.

Answer: we use singleton property in composite.xml file.

<property name="singleton" type="xs:boolean" many="false" override="may">true</property>

Question: Which property we need to use to control number of message processed from MQ at one time?

Answer: we need to use InboundThreadCount property to control number of messages which MQ adapter pick from MQ.

Question: Which property we need to use with singleton property to process the message in sequential order for AQ?

Answer: We need to set activtionInstances=1 along with singleton property for AQ adapter in cluster environment to process message in sequential order.

Question: Can we set IncludeFiles property dynamically for file/ftp adapter?

Answer: No, by default we can’t set IncludeFiles property at run time. But Oracle provided one patch (patchId=10380349), if we apply that then we can use set this property at run time.

Question: What is delay property for AQ adapter?

Answer: This property is used when we don’t want to make the message visible to outside world for some time. Message is visible and ready to read once that delay time expire message. This property is set at Invoke for AQ adapter.

Question: What is adapter.jms.receive.threads property for JMS adapter?

Answer: To improve performance, the adapter.jms.receive.threads property can be tuned for an adapter service. The default value is 1, but multiple inbound threads can be used to improve performance. When specified, the value of adapter.jms.receive.threads is used to spawn multiple inbound poller threads.

Question: What is UseStaging property in file and FTP adapter?

Answer: If the parameter is set to true, then the outbound Oracle File or FTP Adapter writes translated data to a staging file and later streams the staging file to the target file. If the parameter is set to false, then the outbound Oracle File or FTP Adapter does not use an intermediate staging file. It is defined in Outbound JCA File.

Get Started with Oracle 12c - Hello World Example

Get Started with SOA Oracle 12c - Hello World Example

Prerequisites:

• Install Oracle SOA 12c
• Configure default domain and start the server

Let’s get started with the example. First create a new SOA application,If you are not able to see SOA Application then first you need to install Extension SDK in Jdeveloper

Name your SOA application and BPEL process. We choose standard composite as we are not creating this composite from any template.

Once you create the composite, Drag BPEL process to it.

Add synchronous BPEL to the empty composite.

Add assign activity which simple assign request to response.

Now deploy your composite to integrated server.

Once you deploy it go to Application Servers and go to IntegratedWebLogicServer -> SOA -> Default Server -> {Partiiton_Name} -> {Composite}

Right click on the composite to test it. You may face below error when you try to test it.

Error: Error occurred while opening service WSFL URL

To avoid this error we need to disable SSL listen port for server. To do that goes to admin console (http://host:port/console)

Click on Home -> Servers ->Deafultserver -> Configuration ->General

Un-check “SSL Listen Port Enable” and restart the server.

Now test again your composite.

You see it will open HTTP Analyzer and we can test the composite from here only. We need not to open EM console and test it from there.

Provide input value and you see response.

Oracle SOA 12c Features

Oracle has released SOA Suite 12c and lots of new features are introduced in this release. Below is list of some of the new features.

Single Installer: Oracle Suite 12c comes as single installer for developers that means you only need to install only one setup (SOA Suite 12c), DB/Weblogic/SOA will get installed, you need to install it separately. Oracle SOA 12c use Java Derby database, which is file based and that makes it really fast.

Single IDE: In Oracle SOA 12c Jdeveloper is used as IDE for all designs. For OSB development we need not to use different IDE (Eclipse) anymore, we can develop OSB application in Jdeveloper itself.

Debugger: This is new feature in Oracle SOA 12c, debugger is introduced to debug SOA and OSB applications. With the help of debugger we can debug our code before deploying it; this saves lot of development efforts. We can also change message text while debugging it.

Graphical MDS: In Oracle SOA 12c graphical tool is provided to publish, search and consume filed from MDS and OER.

SOA Templates: With the introduction of templates sharing of code between teams become earlier and development efforts reduced. There are three types of templates introduced.

• Project Template
• Component Template
• Custom Activity Template

BPEL Sub-process: Sub-process is introduced in this launch which helps to reduce redundancy. Suppose we need to update database table 3 times in one flow so instead of add 3 different invoke to same BPEL, create sub-process which update the database table and use that sub-process 3 times in that BPEL. There are two types of sub-processes.

• Standalone sub-process
• Inline sub-process

Re-sequencing in OSB: In 11g this feature was available in Mediator, in Oracle SOA 12c this features added to service bus also, with the help of this feature we able to process the request message in proper sequence.

Adapter: Coherence, LDAP and cloud adapter are introduced in this release.

Xquery Mapper: In this release Xquery mapper is introduced which provide XQuery support.

Enterprise Service Scheduler: ESS is out of box scheduler. By using this we can schedule the services.

Translate Activity: Translate activity is also introduced which is used for Native to XML and XML to Native transformation.

MDS support for OSB: In 11g version MDS support was not there for OSB but in 12c MDS support is provided for OSB.

Oracle SOA Interview Questions

1) What is SOA? 
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is used to develop Enterprise applications by using a collection of services which communicates each other. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a set of principles and methodologies for designing and developing software in the form of interoperable services.

2) Principles of SOA? 

• Loose coupling
• Re-usability
• Interoperability
• Flexible

3) What is the difference between 10g and 11g? 

SCA architecture was followed in 11g and not in 10g

• In 11g you can put all your project SOA components in composite.xml file and deploy as a single deployment unit to single server, where in 10g you have to deploy each component to the respective server (i.e. ESB to ESB server, BPEL to BPEL Server)
• Basically all the SOA components like BPEL, ESB (Called Mediator in 11g), & OWSM are brought into one place in 11g using SCA composite concept.
• The major difference between 10g & 11g would be the app server container. 10g by default runs onOC4J while 11g runs on Web logic Server.
• In 10g every BPEL is a separate project, but in 11g several components can make 1 project as SCA.
• In 10g consoles are separate for BPEL and ESB, but in 11g Enterprise Manager contains all.
• In 10g BAM and business rules are outside SOA Suite, but in 11g they are in SOA Suite.

4) Is Oracle SOA same as Oracle Fusion Middleware?

No because SOA is one of the parts in Fusion middleware and SOA behaves like user interface whereas Fusion is big platform

5) What is SCA?

Service Component Architecture (SCA) provides a programming model for building applications and systems based on a Service Oriented Architecture. SCA is a model that aims to encompass a wide range of technologies for service components and for the access methods which are used to connect them.

6) What is the SOA Suite 11g Components?

1. Oracle Adapters
2. Oracle Mediator
3. Business Events and Events Delivery Network
4. Oracle Business Rules
5. Human Workflow
6. Oracle Business Activity Monitoring
7. Oracle Enterprise Manager

7) What is choreography? How does it differ from orchestration?

In choreography there is no business process to control the integration between the systems; each system will directly integrate with one another in sequence where as in Orchestration there is a business process which controls all the services (source/Target) which is part of the integration.

8) What are the different message exchange patterns in SOA?

• Synchronous
• Asynchronous Fire and Forget
• Asynchronous Delayed Response.

9) In how many ways can a process be deployed?

• Using JDeveloper
• Through Enterprise Manger Console
• Through Weblogic Scripts.

10) What are dspMaxThread and a recieverThread properties? Why are they important?

ReceiverThreads property specifies the maximum number of MDBs that process aysc across all domains. Whereas the dspMaxThreads are the maximum number of MDBs that process asy and threads that operate across a domain. So, we need to ensure that the dspMaxThreads value is !> ReceiverThreads.

11) How does a async request run in the backend?

The sequence of events involved in the delivery of invoke messages is as follows:

• The client posts the message to the delivery service.
• The delivery service saves the invocation message to the invoke_message table.The initial state of the message is 0 (undelivered).
• The delivery service schedules a dispatcher message to process the invocation message asynchronously.
• The dispatcher message is delivered to the dispatcher through the afterCompletion() call. Therefore, the message is not delivered if the JTA transaction fails.
• The dispatcher sends the JMS message to the queue. Places a very short JMS message in the in-memory queue (jms/collaxa/BPELWorkerQueue) in OC4J JMS. The small JMS message triggers the WorkerBean in the downstream step.
• This message is then picked up by a WorkerBean MDB, which requests the dispatcher for work to execute. If the number of WorkerBean MDBs currently processing activities for the domain is sufficient, the dispatcher module may decide not to request another MDB.
• MDB fetches the invocation message from the dispatcher.
• MDB passes the invocation message to Oracle BPEL Server, which updates the invocation message state to 1 (delivered), creates the instance, and executes the activities in the flow until a breakpoint activity is reached.

12) How to increase the transaction timeouts in SOA?

For the transaction timeout needs to be increased, all the below settings timeout value needs to be changed to the expected Timeout value.

• JTA
• Engine Bean
• Delivery Bean

13) Is it possible to use MS SQL Server as dehydration store with SOA Suite?

Yes it is possible. To automatically maintain long-running asynchronous processes and their current state information in a database while they wait for asynchronous callbacks, you use a database as a dehydration store.Storing the process in a database preserves the process and prevents any loss of state or reliability if a system shuts down or a network problem occurs. This feature increases both BPEL process reliability and scalability. You can also use it to support clustering and failover.

14) What is SOA governance? What are its functions? 

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) governance is a concept used for activities related to exercising control over services in an SOA. Some key activities that are often mentioned as being part of SOA governance are:
Managing the portfolio of services: This includes planning development of new services and updating current services.Managing the service lifecycle: This is meant to ensure that updates of services do not disturb current services to the consumers. 
Using policies to restrict behavior: Consistency of services can be ensured by having the rules applied to all the created services.
Monitoring performance of services: The consequences of service downtime or underperformance can be severe because of service composition. Therefore action can be taken instantly when a problem occurs by monitoring service performance and availability. 

15) What is end point virtualization? 

Generally a service bus is used for endpoint virtualization and in 11g stack;
Oracle Service Bus (OSB) is the primary service bus. In exposed proxy's message flow, it can route the request to any of your environment's actual (physical) service on the basis of whatever logic. 
Mediator can also be used to expose the service and in mediator routing rule, it can be routed to actual service. 

16) What are DVM's and how are they helpful in SOA? 

DVM-Domain Value Map are static mappings between a source and target system which can be used in transformations. The value can be changed via SOA composer. 

17) What is the difference between XREF and DVM? 

XREF- It is dynamic since the values to the XREF can be populated dynamically and it is stored in XREF_DATA table in SOA Dehydration store. 
DVM- Domain Value Map is static mappings between a source and target system which can be used in transformations. 

18) What is Dehydration store? 

Dehydration store is the database where the instances get stored when it gets dehydrated by the process on the occurrence of non-idempotent activities and also stores the information on the long running processes. 

19) What is Decision service? 

Oracle SOA Suite provides support for Decision components that support Oracle Business Rules. A Decision component is a mechanism for publishing rules and rulesets as a reusable service that can be invoked from multiple business processes.These rules can be changed without redeploying the code. 

20) Why we use BPEL and OSB? 

OSB is the light-weight service bus wherever there is not much business logic involves and there is need to just get the message routed between the systems OSB is used where as when there is more business logic involves in the process,then BPEL will be used. 

21) What is MDS? 

MDS –Metadata Store Wsdl and Schemas to be used in the process can be published to the MDS and get it used in the code by referring the artifacts from the MDS 
Advantages:

• JAR (Deployment unit) size will be reduced.
  
• Duplication of the artifacts can be avoided between the services.

22) What is a XA datasource? How it differs from a non-XA datasource? 

An XA transaction involves a coordinating transaction manager, with one or more databases (or other resources, like JMS) all involved in a single global transaction. Non-XA transactions have no transaction coordinator, and a single resource is doing all its transaction work itself (this is sometimes called local transactions). 

23) How can we secure our web services using Oracle SOA Suite? 

When accessing the services should be restricted to the group,then service should be secured via WSM (Web service Manager).

24) How to deploy an XSL file without deployment of BPEL Process?

We will directly deploy the XSLT, options: -

• Using ANT script by file replacement in TMP folder.
  
• By creating a folder in BPEL PM installation folder and specifying its location in our BPEL code with http call and replacing our xslt to that location.

25) What is HA File and FTP Adapters? 

In the clustered environment,File and FTP adapters should be used as HA(High-Availability) Inbound:It is controlled by Control Files and avoids the race between the manages servers in reading the files where the reference of the files read by the managed servers will be maintained in the control directory. Outbound:It is controlled by DB Mutex table exist in the SOA dehydration store and this avoids duplicated been written to the same file when all the managed servers in the clusters process the same messages. 

26) What is singleton Property in SOA? 

In the clustered environment when the processing of the message should happen via only one SOA managed server, then the property singleton needs to be defined at the adapter level. 

27) What is a pick activity? Can I have a pick activity with no onMessage branch? 

Pick activity picks the messages from service (Source) which has multiple operations or the BPEL process needs to receive the messages from multiple source system. Pick activity should have at least on Message branch. 

28) What is a flow activity? What is a flowN activity and how does it leverages the flow activity? 

Flow activity is used, when parallel execution of the flow is needed and to use this property “non blocking invoke should be set as true “at the partner link level and no. of execution of parallel flow is defined and static. Where as in Flown the no. of execution of parallel flow is not static and it is determined during run time. 

29) What do you mean by non-idempotent activity? Which all activities are non-idempotent by default? 

Activities like Pick, Wait, receive, reply and checkpoint() are called non-Idempotent activity and during the execution of the process whenever these activities are encountered then it gets dehydrated to the dehydration store. 

30) How can we embed or use a java code in BPEL? 

Using JAVA embedding activity in BPEL,Java code can be embedded in BPEL and can be used. 

31) How does pick activity differ from a receive activity? 

Pick activity can act as a multiple recieve activity in some business scenarios.If we have two inbound operations and both can trigger the bpel process then we will go with pick activity as we can’t have two recieve activity with create Instance box checked. 

32) How can we make a partner link dynamic? 

If we have to send the request to different service which has the same wsdl then dynamic partner link will be used and using addressing schema we can set the endpoint dynamic to send the request to the desired service. 

33) What is a nonBlockingAll property? 

Non- blocking invoke is used when Parallel flow needs to be executed where new thread will be created for each invoke a activity and which will execute simultaneously. 

34) What is getPreference property? How do we set it and what advantage it provides? 

Hard coding is not a good practice, so to avoid hard coding preference variable can be used and the value of the preference variable is accessed using getPreference().The preference variable value can be changed without re-deploying the code via em console MBean property. 

35) How can we improve the performance of an XSL file? 

By avoiding use of various if statements and using choose, and by using for-each group in place of for-each. 

36) How do we handle transactions in BPEL? 

Property needs to be defined to start the new transaction/to continue with the same transactions Property Name: Transaction and if this has value as required then the BPEL process will be continued in the same transaction where as if the value is defined as requiresnew then it will start the new transaction.

37) What are transient and durable BPEL processes?

Durable: It is long running process and initiated through a one-way invocation and do incur one or more dehydration points in the database during execution Ex: Asynchronous

Transient: It is short-lived process, request-response style processes and do not incur dehydration during their process execution Ex: Synchronous.

38) When u will go for Sync process? 

Whenever the services returns the response in few seconds, it is recommended to go for synchronous BPEL process if not the BPEL process should be Asynchronous the reason is calling application can’t proceed further in case of synchronous process. 

39) What is a syncFileRead operation? Is a inbound or a outbound operation? Can my process begin with syncFileRead operation? 

When file has to be read in the mid of the BPEL process, then we will use syncFileRead Operation, means some process should initiate the file read process and it is an outbound operation and process can’t begin with Sync File read. 

40) Can we use a File Adapter to get a file without reading its content? 

Yes, by selecting the Do not read file content check box in the JDeveloper wizard while configuring the "Read operation." 

41) How to increase performance increase in bpel (Db Adapter/file adapter)? 

We can increase the performance by writing indexes and sequences. (Or) Go to application server --- >Configurations ----- > Change Xml file 

42) Explain error handling in BPEL and what is a error handling framework? How does a error handling framework better than simple error handling in BPEL? 

EHF –Whenever any error thrown by the BPEL process/Mediator then EHF will check whether exist in Fault-Bindings.xml files and if so then the action in the Fault-Policy.xml file will be taken and if the action is not found then the fault will the thrown and it will be handled in the catch block. 

43) How do we resubmit a faulted process? 

Scenario A: The BPEL code uses a fault-policy and a fault is handled using the “ora-human-intervention” activity, then the fault is marked as Recoverable and the instance state is set to “Running”. 
Scenario B: The BPEL code uses a fault-policy and a fault is caught and re-thrown using the “ora-rethrow-fault” action, then the fault is marked as Recoverable and the instance state is set to “Faulted”; provided the fault is a recoverable one (like URL was not available). 

44) Predefined errors in BPEL?

• Custom errors
• Timed out errors
• BPM errors
• Validation Errors

45) What is a throw activity? What it is ? 

Throw activity will explicitly throw the fault and this fault will get caught by the catch block and the corresponding actions will get executed. 

46) What is Web service? 

Web services are application components, which are self-contained and self-describing and provide services based on the open protocol communication (i.e. SOAP UI, HTTP over the net). 

47) Difference between URI and URL? 

A URI is an identifier for some resource, but a URL gives you specific information as to obtain that resource. A URI is a URL and as one commenter pointed out, it is now considered incorrect to use URL when describing applications. Generally, if the URL describes both the location and name of a resource, the term to use is URI. Since this is generally the case most of us encounter every day, URI is the correct term. 

48) What is Mediator? 

The Mediator is in charge of interconnecting, within an SOA composite application, components that expose different interfaces. In addition, the Mediator can perform duties such as filtering and making routing decisions. The composite editor in JDeveloper gives you the flexibility to define the interface now, to choose an existing interface, or to define the interface later as you wire components to the Mediator. Transforming data from one representation to another is, along with routing, one of the key functions of the Mediator.

49) Difference between ESB and Mediator? 

In 10g for routing, separate router need to keep along with ESB for routing and filter expressions. Where as in 11g mediator contains routing rules and filter expressions itself. 

50) What is the difference between concrete and abstract wsdl? 

Concrete: Besides the information about how to communicate to the web service, it the information on where the service exist. It has Bindings (Protocol the message should be sent) and Services(has endpoint for each bindings) . 
Abstract: It has information about how to communicate to the web service like types (Schema), Message (input and output messages service accepts) ,Operations (operation that can be performed on this service) and port Type. 

51) What is SOAP and what are the binding protocols available? 

Simple object access protocol and it is a protocol specification for the communication happens between the web services over the network and binding protocol is HTTP. 

52) What is the difference between Async and Sync activity on wsdl level?

• Async wsdl-It has only input messages for the operation and it has 2 operations one for sending the request and other for call back.
• Sync wsdl-It has 2 messages input and output messages for the wsdl operation.

53) What are the WSDL structure?

Following are the wsdl structure

• definitions
• Types
• Messages
• Operation
• Port type
• Bindings
• Services
• Ports

54) What is the significance of target Namespace in a wsdl? 

It is the one which uniquely identifies the WSDL and when the WSDL is used it should be identified using its Target Namespace. 

55) What is structure of SOAP message? 

The structure of a SOAP message: A SOAP message is encoded as an XML document, consisting of an element, which contains an optional element, and a mandatory element. The element, contained within the , is used for reporting errors.
The SOAP envelope-The SOAP is the root element in every SOAP message, and contains two child elements, an optional and a mandatory. 
The SOAP header-The SOAP is an optional sub-element of the SOAP envelope, and is used to pass application-related information that is to be processed by SOAP nodes along the message path. 
The SOAP body-The SOAP is a mandatory sub-element of the SOAP envelope, which contains information intended for the ultimate recipient of the message.
The SOAP fault-The SOAP is a sub-element of the SOAP body, which is used for reporting errors. 

56) Why do we need to have messages in WSDL, aren't operations and types enough to describe the parameters for a web service?

Messages consist of one or more logical parts. Each part is associated with a type from some type system using a message-typing attribute. The set of message-typing attributes is extensible.

• The element describes the data being exchanged between the Web service providers and consumers. Each Web Service has two messages: input and output.
• The input describes the parameters for the Web Service and the output describes the return data from the Web Service.
• Each message contains zero or more parameters, one for each parameter of the Web Service's function.
• Each parameter associates with a concrete type defined in the container element. So describing the parameters cannot performed by operations and types this is the main need of Messages.

57) What is a inline schema? 

Schemas can be included inside of XML file is called Inline Schemas. 

58) What is the difference between xsd:import and xsd:include?

The fundamental difference between include and import is that you must use import to refer to declarations or definitions that are in a different target namespace and you must use include to refer to declarations or definitions that are (or will be) in the same target namespace. 

59) What is BAM? 

Business Activity Monitoring is a tool that is useful in monitoring business services and processes. It actively collects data, applies rules and reports information to users. When something goes wrong in business processes, BAM can be configured to take corrective measures such as emailing administrators/support team. 

60) How to send the data to BAM from SOA? 

The Oracle BAM Adapter is a Java Connector Architecture (JCA)-compliant adapter which can be used from a Java EE client to send data and events to the Oracle BAM Server. Oracle BAM Adapter is configured in Oracle Weblogic Server Administration Console to provide any of these connection pools. Oracle BAM Adapter provides three mechanisms by which you can send data to Oracle BAM Active Data Cache from an SOA composite application.

61) What are the ways to publish the data to BAM?

There are two ways to publish the data to BAM

• BAM Adapter.
• BAM Sensor activity level.

62) What are the roles in BAM?

• Architect
• Administrator
• Active Viewer
• Active Studio

63) What is forward delay in JMS Queue? 

In the clustered environment where JMS queues are used, when for the queues in any one of the Managed server doesn’t have the consumer, once messages reaches the forward delay time it gets moved to the other managed server where consumer is present. 

64) What is redelivery limit in JMS Queue? 

When the message gets failed to get processed ,then it will be re-tried will the redelivery limit exhausts and once after the redelivery limit the message can b e either moved to the error Queue are it can be discarded. 

65) What is timetodeliver in JMS Queue? 

When Messages enqueued to the JMS queue, it will be immediately consumed by the JMS Subscribers, if any delay needs to be induced for the message consuming by the Subscribers then timetodelivery needs to set. The JMS message will not be subscribed until timetodelivery exhausts. 

66) Difference between JMS Queues and Topics? 

Queue-Message will be subscribed by one subscriber.
Topic-Message will be subscribed by more than one subscriber.